摘要 :
While motorized traffic counts are systematic and comprehensive, bicycle and pedestrian counts are often unknown or inaccurate. This research presents recommendations to increase bicycle and pedestrian count accuracy while integra...
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While motorized traffic counts are systematic and comprehensive, bicycle and pedestrian counts are often unknown or inaccurate. This research presents recommendations to increase bicycle and pedestrian count accuracy while integrating bicycle and pedestrian counting with existing ODOT traffic counting. Three bicycle counting technologies – pneumatic tubes, inductive loops and thermal cameras – were tested in a controlled environment as well as mixed traffic condition. Test results indicate that all bicycle counting technologies are adequate to count bicycles under controlled, favorable conditions. However, in mixed traffic conditions only the pneumatic tubes were able to count bicycles with less than 20% error. Bicycle counts in mixed traffic conditions with pneumatic tubes are more accurate when bicycle-specific vehicle classification schemes are used and when counting bicycle traffic within 10 feet tube length of the counting device. Two pedestrian counting technologies – passive infrared and pedestrian phase actuations – were tested and attained satisfactory results.
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This report is built on several significant reports and projects that have been recently published. In 2008, the Transportation Research Board released the Special Report 290: Potential Impacts of Climate Change on U.S. Transporta...
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This report is built on several significant reports and projects that have been recently published. In 2008, the Transportation Research Board released the Special Report 290: Potential Impacts of Climate Change on U.S. Transportation, which primarily focused on the consequences of climate change for U.S. transportation infrastructure and operations. The report also offers recommendations for both research and actions that can be taken to prepare for climate change. A similar study released by U.S. Department of Transportation, Impacts of Climate Change and Variability on Transportation Systems and Infrastructure: Gulf Coast Study, Phase I, explores the vulnerabilities of transportation systems in the Gulf Coast region to potential changes in weather patterns and related impacts, as well as the effect of natural land subsidence and other environmental factors in the region. The area examined by the study includes 48 contiguous counties in four states, running from Galveston, Texas, to Mobile, Alabama. In addition to these national reports, there are a variety studies that look at the scenarios of future climate for the Pacific Northwest. Most notably are the Climate Impacts Group's Washington Climate Change Impacts Assessment and the Oregon Climate Change Research Institute's Oregon Climate Assessment Report, which developed climate change scenarios for Oregon and Washington State. The objective of this research project was to conduct a preliminary vulnerability assessment of the risks and vulnerabilities climate change poses to the surface transportation infrastructure system in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska region. The report: (1) synthesizes data to characterize the region's climate, (2) identifies potential impacts on the regional transportation system, (3) identifies critical infrastructure vulnerable to climate change impacts, and (4) provides recommendations for more detailed analysis and research needs as appropriate to support managing risks and opportunities to adapt multimodal surface transportation infrastructure to climate change impacts.
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This report summarizes the findings of a national project to examine the travel behavior, social capital, health, and lifestyle preferences of residents of neotraditional developments (NTD) compared to more standard suburban devel...
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This report summarizes the findings of a national project to examine the travel behavior, social capital, health, and lifestyle preferences of residents of neotraditional developments (NTD) compared to more standard suburban developments. We compare survey results from residents of matched pairs of neighborhoods in seventeen U.S. cities and towns, with each pair comprised of one NTD and one typical suburban neighborhood of similar size, age, and socio-demographic composition. The study addresses salient themes in the transportation, planning and health literatures: a national study, surveying populations of diverse incomes, collecting resident information on preferences for and attitudes towards neighborhood qualities, and addressing transportation and health outcomes for diverse community designs.
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This study investigated potential impacts of climate change on travel disruption resulting from road closures in two urban watersheds in the Portland metropolitan area. We used ensemble climate change scenarios, a hydrologic model...
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This study investigated potential impacts of climate change on travel disruption resulting from road closures in two urban watersheds in the Portland metropolitan area. We used ensemble climate change scenarios, a hydrologic model, stream channel survey, a hydraulic model, and a travel forecast model to develop an integrated impact assessment method. High-resolution climate change scenarios are based on the combinations of two emission scenarios and eight general circulation models. The Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System was calibrated and validated for the period 1988-2006, and simulated for determining the probability of floods from 2020-2049. We surveyed stream cross sections at five road crossings for stream channel geometry and determined floodwater surface elevations using the HEC-RAS model. Four of the surveyed bridges and roadways were lower in elevation than the current 100-year floodwater surface elevation, leading to relatively frequent nuisance flooding. These roadway flooding events will become more frequent under some climate change scenarios in the future, but climate change impacts will depend on local geomorphic conditions. While vehicle miles traveled were not significantly affected by road closure, vehicle-hours delay demonstrated a greater impact from road closures, increasing by 10 percent in the Fanno Creek area. Results indicate that any cost analysis is extremely sensitive to the occurrence of human fatalities or injuries and fairly insensitive to delay costs. In addition, this research presents a comprehensive classification of flooding costs, identifies preventative measures, and makes short- and long-term recommendations. Our research demonstrated the usefulness of the integration of top-down and bottom-up approaches in climate change impact assessment, and the need for spatially explicit modeling and participatory planning in flood management and transportation planning under increasing climate uncertainty.
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This is the third report for Texas Department of Transportation Project 0-1833, which is assessing containership activity in the Gulf of Mexico. The research project, undertaken by the Center for Transportation Research of The Uni...
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This is the third report for Texas Department of Transportation Project 0-1833, which is assessing containership activity in the Gulf of Mexico. The research project, undertaken by the Center for Transportation Research of The University of Texas at Austin, was designed with two primary goals. First, the project was to address the planning, institutional, and financial issues associated with increased containerized freight traffic moving through Texas ports. The second goal was to assess the demand on the multi-modal transportation system in Texas, contingent upon the operation of very large containerships in the Gulf of Mexico. This second goal was later modified to address the impacts of ship size, liner service routes, and container demand for Texas Gulf seaports serving containerships. In particular, it describes containership fleets, vessel choices, containership technology and costs, containership routes to Gulf coast ports, and container demand. The report provides forecasts of future container demand in the North Atlantic and Gulf ports and summarizes the researchers' conclusions with respect to state transportation planning in Texas.
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